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Hydrogène n°1
L'hydrogène est un gaz incolore découvert en 1766 par Cavendish à Londres.
Il est inodore, insoluble dans l'eau et brûle très facilement dans l'air en provoquant parfois des explosions violentes.
Utilisations de l'hydrogène :
- Combustible dans les fusées et navettes spatiales.
- Dans la synthèse de l'ammoniac et du méthanol.
- Dans les chalumeaux à hautes températures pour la découpe et le soudage des métaux.
Sources d' hydrogène :
-
On le trouve principalement dans l'eau H2O
Minéraux contenant de l'hydrogène :
| Minéral | Formule |
| Actinote | Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Adamite | Zn2AsO4(OH) |
| Allanite | Ca(Ce,La)(Al,Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH) |
| Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Amblygonite | (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH) |
| Analcime | NaAlSi2O6.H2O |
| Annabergite | (Ni,Mg)3(AsO4)2.8H2O |
| Anthophyllite | (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Antigorite | (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Antlérite | Cu3SO4(OH)4 |
| Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) |
| Apophyllite | KCa4Si8O20(F,OH).8H2O |
| Arfvedsonite | Na3(Fe2+,Mg)4(Fe3+,Al)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Artinite | Mg2CO3(OH)2.3H2O |
| Astrophyllite | (K,Na)3(Fe,Mn)7Ti2Si8(O,OH)31 |
| Atacamite | Cu2Cl(OH)3 |
| Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2.10H2O |
| Axinite | Ca2(Fe++,Mn)Al2BO3Si4O12(OH) |
| Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Bayldonite | (Cu,Zn)3Pb(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| Becquerelite | Ca(UO2)6O4(OH)6.8H2O |
| Bertrandite | Be4Si2O7(OH)2 |
| Bétafite | (Ca,U,Na)2(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6(OH)7 |
| Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4,SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Bindheimite | Pb2Sb2O6(O,OH) |
| Biotite | K(Mg,Fe)3(Si3Al)O10(OH,F)2 |
| Boehmite | AlO(OH) |
| Boléite | Ag9Pb26Cu24Cl62(OH)48 |
| Borax | Na2B4O5(OH)4.8H2O |
| Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Brochantite | Cu4SO4(OH)6 |
| Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Cancrinite | (Na,Ca)8(Si6Al6)O24(CO3)2.2H2O |
| Carnallite | KMgCl3.6H2O |
| Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O |
| Chabazite | CaAl2Si4O12.6H2O |
| Chalcanthite | CuSO4.5H2O |
| Chalcophanite | (Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn3O7.3H2O |
| Chalcophyllite | Cu9Al(AsO4)2(SO4)1.5(OH)12.18H2O |
| Childrenite | (Fe,Mn)AlPO4(OH)2.H2O |
| Chlorite | (Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Chloritoïde | (Fe,Mg)Al2SiO5(OH)2 |
| Chondrodite | (Mg,Fe,Ti)5(SiO4)2(F,OH,O)2 |
| Chrysocolle | (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4.nH2O |
| Chrysotile | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Clinoclase | Cu3AsO4(OH)3 |
| Clinozoïsite | Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(O,OH)2 |
| Colemanite | CaB3O4(OH)3.H2O |
| Connellite | Cu19Cl4SO4(OH)32.3H2O |
| Copiapite | Fe2+(Fe3+)4(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O |
| Coquimbite | Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O |
| Crocidolite | Na2(Mg,Fe)3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Crossite | (Na,Ca)2(Fe,Mg,Al)5(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2 |
| Cummingtonite | (Mg,Fe,Mn)7Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Curite | Pb6.5(UO2)16O16(OH)12(H2O,OH)4 |
| Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2SO4(OH)12.2H2O |
| Datolite | CaBSiO4(OH) |
| Descloizite | PbZnVO4(OH) |
| Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| Dickite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Dioptase | CuSiO3.H2O |
| Dravite | (Na,Ca)(Mg,Al,Fe)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 |
| Elbaïte | Na(Li,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 |
| Eosphorite | (Mn,Fe)AlPO4(OH)2.H2O |
| Epidote | Ca2FeAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(O,OH)2 |
| Epistilbite | NaCa3(Al6Si18)O48.16H2O |
| Epsomite | MgSO4.7H2O |
| Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2.8H2O |
| Euclase | BeAlSiO4(OH) |
| Eudialyte | Na16Ca6Fe3Zr3(Si3O9)2(Si9O27)2(OH,Cl)4 |
| Francevillite | (Ba,Pb)(UO2)2(VO4)2.5H2O |
| Fuchsite | (K,Na)(Al,Cr,Fe)2(Si,Al)3O10(OH,F)2 |
| Garniérite | (Mg,Fe,Ni)3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3-x(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2.5H2O |
| Gédrite | (Mg,Fe)5Al2(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| Gismondite | Ca2Si4Al4O16.9H2O |
| Glauconite | (K,Na)(Fe,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Glaucophane | Na2(Mg,Fe)3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Goethite | FeO(OH) |
| Greenalite | (Fe)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Grunérite | (Fe,Mg)7Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Gypse | CaSO4.2H2O |
| Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4.2H2O |
| Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4.22H2O |
| Hambergite | Be2BO3(OH) |
| Harmotome | Ba(AlO2)2(SiO2)6.6H2O |
| Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe,Mg)5(Si6Al2)O22(OH,Cl)2 |
| Hémimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2.H2O |
| Herdérite | CaBePO4(F,OH) |
| Heulandite | (Na,K)Ca4Al9Si27O72.24H2O |
| Hornblende | (Ca,Na)2(Mg,Fe)4Al(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Humite | (Mg,Fe)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 |
| Hydroboracite | CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2.3H2O |
| Hydrocérusite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Illite | (K,H3O)Al2(Si3Al)O10(H2O,OH)2 |
| Ilvaïte | CaFe3+(Fe2+)2O(Si2O7)(OH) |
| Jarosite | KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg,Fe)4Ti(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Kaolinite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Kernite | Na2B4O6(OH)2.3H2O |
| Langite | Cu4SO4(OH)6.2H2O |
| Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12.4H2O |
| Lawsonite | CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2.H2O |
| Lazulite | (Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| Leadhillite | Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Legrandite | Zn2AsO4(OH).H2O |
| Lépidocrocite | FeO(OH) |
| Lépidolite | K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2 |
| Libéthénite | Cu2PO4(OH) |
| Limonite | FeO(OH) |
| Linarite | CuPbSO4(OH)2 |
| Liroconite | Cu2AlAsO4(OH)4.4H2O |
| Ludlamite | (Fe,Mg,Mn)3(PO4)2.4H2O |
| Malachite | Cu2CO3(OH)2 |
| Manganite | MnO(OH) |
| Margarite | CaAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2 |
| Mélantérite | FeSO4.7H2O |
| Mellite | Al2C6(COO)6.16H2O |
| Mésolite | Na2Ca2Al6Si9O30.8H2O |
| Microlite | (Ca,Na)2Ta2O6(O,OH,F) |
| Minyulite | KAl2(PO4)2(OH,F).4H2O |
| Mirabilite | Na2SO4.10H2O |
| Mixite | Cu6Bi(AsO4)3(OH)6.3H2O |
| Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2.nH2O |
| Mottramite | Pb(Cu,Zn)VO4(OH) |
| Muscovite | KAl2(Si,Al)3O10(OH,F)2 |
| Nacrite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Natrolite | Na2Si3Al2O10.2H2O |
| Natron | Na2CO3.10H2O |
| Noséane | Na8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4).H2O |
| Okénite | Ca10Si18O46.18H2O |
| Olivénite | Cu2AsO4(OH) |
| Opale | SiO2.nH2O |
| Palygorskite | (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH).4H2O |
| Paragonite | NaAl2Si3AlO10(OH)2 |
| Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg,Fe)4Al(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2.2H2O |
| Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Pharmacosidérite | KFe4(AsO4)3(OH)4.6-7H2O |
| Phillipsite | K(Ca0.5,Na)2Si5Al3O16.6H2O |
| Phlogopite | KMg3Si3AlO10(F,OH)2 |
| Picropharmacolite | Ca4Mg(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2.11H2O |
| Piémontite | Ca2(Mn,Fe)Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(O,OH)2 |
| Pistachite | Ca2FeAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(O,OH)2 |
| Planchéite | Cu8(Si4O11)2(OH)4.H2O |
| Plumbojarosite | PbFe6(SO4)4(OH)12 |
| Pollucite | (Cs,Na)AlSi2O6.nH2O |
| Préhnite | Ca2Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
| Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Psilomélane | BaMn9O16(OH)4 |
| Pyrochlore | (Na,Ca)2Nb2(O,OH,F)7 |
| Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Renardite | Pb(UO2)4(PO4)2(OH)4.7H2O |
| Riébeckite | Na2(Fe2+,Mg)3(Fe3+)2Si8O22(OH,F)2 |
| Romanéchite | BaMn9O16(OH)4 |
| Rosélite | Ca2(Co,Mg)(AsO4)2.2H2O |
| Rubellite | Na(Li,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 |
| Sabugalite | HAl(UO2)4(PO4)4.16H2O |
| Schorl | NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 |
| Scolécite | CaSi3Al2O10.3H2O |
| Scorodite | FeAsO4.2H2O |
| Sépiolite | Mg4Si6O15(OH)2.6H2O |
| Spencerite | Zn4(PO4)2(OH)2.3H2O |
| Staurotide | (Fe,Mg)4Al17(Si,Al)8O45(OH)3 |
| Stibiconite | Sb3O6(OH) |
| Stilbite | NaCa4(Al9Si27)O72.30H2O |
| Stilpnomélane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)12(Si,Al)16(O,OH)54.nH2O |
| Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(O,OH)2 |
| Thomsonite | NaCa2(Al5Si5)O20.6H2O |
| Todorokite | (Mn2+,Mg,Ca)Mn3O7.H2O |
| Topaze | Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 |
| Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2.10H2O |
| Trémolite | Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Triplite | (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)2PO4(F,OH) |
| Trona | Na3(HCO3)(CO3).2H2O |
| Tschermakite | Ca2(Mg,Fe,Al)5Si6Al2O22(OH)2 |
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O |
| Tyrolite | CaCu5(AsO4)2(CO3)(OH)4.6H2O |
| Ulexite | NaCaB5O6(OH)6.5H2O |
| Uranopilite | (UO2)6SO4(OH)10.12H2O |
| Uranotile | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2.5H2O |
| Uvite | Ca(Mg,Fe)3Al5Mg(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 |
| Valleriite | 4[(Fe,Cu)S].3[(Mg,Al)(OH)2] |
| Variscite | AlPO4.2H2O |
| Verdélite | Na(Li,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 |
| Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6Si,Al8O20(OH)4.8H2O |
| Vivianite | Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O |
| Wawellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3.5H2O |
| Zeunérite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2.16H2O |
| Zinnwaldite | K(Al,Fe,Li)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)F |
| Zoïsite | Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(O,OH)2 |